Unpublished paper, 'On the reproduction of the toad and frog without the intermediate stage of tadpole' by Edward Joseph Lowe Lowe shares brief remarks on the toad (Bufo vulgaris) and the frog (Rana temporaria), suggesting that they are viviparous. Subject: Biology / Zoology / Herpetology Received 19 February 1853. Communicated by John Lee. Written by Lowe at the Observatory Beeston, Near Nottingham [England]. Whilst the Royal Society declined to publish this paper in full, an abstract of the paper was published in volume 6 of Abstracts of the Papers Printed in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London [later Proceedings of the Royal Society] as 'On the reproduction of the toad and frog without the intermediate stage of tadpole'. A version of this paper was published by Lowe in The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Lowe, Edward Joseph. 'On the reproduction of the toad and frog without the intermediate stage of tadpole.' The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, volume 11, number 64 (1853), pp. 341-342. 17 February 1853