Working design drawings of civil engineering projects by John Smeaton The working drawings of John Smeaton, civil engineer. They illustrate his researches on applied mechanics especially water wheels, and the relative efficiency of overshot as opposed to undershot wheels. The full collection, with supplementary engravings and manuscript notes, was classified by John Farey from 1821 under six headings: Windmills and Watermills for Grinding Corn Mills for various purposes and Machines for Raising Water Fire Engines for Raising Water Bridges and Buildings Canal Works, Sluices, and Harbours Canals and River Navigations Smeaton was a man of laborious habits and made all his drawings himself. His earliest designs, executed under his own supervision, show signs of having been used as working drawings. After he became more established and employed a draughtsman, he still continued to draw the lines of all his drawings to the proper scale in pencil lines on cartridge paper which he called sketches. Fair copies of the sketches were then made on drawing paper by the draughtsman, William Jessop or his successor Henry Eastburn, and Smeaton's daughters frequently helped in the shadowing and finishing in indian ink. 1741-1792