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  <PersonName label="Authorised form of name" urlencoded="Hales%3b+Charles+Nicholas+(1935+-+2005)" urlpathencoded="Hales;%20Charles%20Nicholas%20(1935%20-%202005)">Hales; Charles Nicholas (1935 - 2005)</PersonName>
  <Surname label="Surname" urlencoded="Hales" urlpathencoded="Hales">Hales</Surname>
  <Forenames label="Forenames" urlencoded="Charles+Nicholas" urlpathencoded="Charles%20Nicholas">Charles Nicholas</Forenames>
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  <Dates label="Dates" urlencoded="1935+-+2005" urlpathencoded="1935%20-%202005">1935 - 2005</Dates>
  <Nationality label="Nationality" urlencoded="British" urlpathencoded="British">British</Nationality>
  <Gender label="Gender" urlencoded="Male" urlpathencoded="Male">Male</Gender>
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  <DateOfBirth label="Date of birth" urlencoded="25%2f04%2f1935" urlpathencoded="25/04/1935">25/04/1935</DateOfBirth>
  <Born label="Born" urlencoded="19350425" urlpathencoded="19350425">19350425</Born>
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  <DateOfDeath label="Date of death" urlencoded="15%2f09%2f2005" urlpathencoded="15/09/2005">15/09/2005</DateOfDeath>
  <Died label="Died" urlencoded="20050915" urlpathencoded="20050915">20050915</Died>
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  <Occupation label="Occupation" urlencoded="Medical+Biochemist" urlpathencoded="Medical%20Biochemist">Medical Biochemist</Occupation>
  <ResearchField label="Research field" urlencoded="Biochemistry" urlpathencoded="Biochemistry">Biochemistry  </ResearchField>
  <Activity label="Activity" urlencoded="Education%3a%0aKing+Edward+VI+Grammar+School%2c+Stafford%3b+Trinity+College%2c+Cambridge%3b+University+College+Hospital%2c+London%0aCareer%3a%0aAppointed+university+lecturer+in+Biochemistry+at+Cambridge+(1964)%3b+elected+a+Fellow+of+Downing+College%2c+Cambridge%3b+paper+published+in+%27Nature%27+envisaging+the+use+of+enzymes+or+viruses+as+alternative+labels+capable+of+providing+great+assay+sensitivity%3b+appointed+head+of+the+department+and+honorary+consultant+in+chemical+pathology+at+the+Welsh+National+School+of+Medicine+in+Cardiff+(1970)%3b+appointed+head+of+the+the+department+of+clinical+biochemistry+at+Cambridge+University+and+honorary+consultant+at+Addenbrooke%27s+Hospital+(1977)%3b+discovered+with+Dan+Crook+an+ATP-sensitive+potassium+channel+in+insulin-producing+cells+that+helped+to+resolve+the+problem+of+how+glucose+instructs+the+pancreas+to+secrete+insulin+(1984)%3b+work+with+David+Barker+showing+that+low+birth+weight+greatly+increased+the+risk+of+diabetes+in+later+life+(1991)%0aMemberships%3a%0aMedical+Research+Council+(1985-1990)%0aHonours%3a+%0aAwards+from+the+British+Diabetic+Association%3b+the+European+Association+for+the+study+of+Diabetes%2c+the+Society+for+Endocrinology%2c+the+Association+of+Clinical+Biochemists%2c+the+Royal+College+of+Physicians%2c+the+Royal+College+of+Pathologists+anf+the+Biochemical+Society." urlpathencoded="Education:%0aKing%20Edward%20VI%20Grammar%20School,%20Stafford;%20Trinity%20College,%20Cambridge;%20University%20College%20Hospital,%20London%0aCareer:%0aAppointed%20university%20lecturer%20in%20Biochemistry%20at%20Cambridge%20(1964);%20elected%20a%20Fellow%20of%20Downing%20College,%20Cambridge;%20paper%20published%20in%20'Nature'%20envisaging%20the%20use%20of%20enzymes%20or%20viruses%20as%20alternative%20labels%20capable%20of%20providing%20great%20assay%20sensitivity;%20appointed%20head%20of%20the%20department%20and%20honorary%20consultant%20in%20chemical%20pathology%20at%20the%20Welsh%20National%20School%20of%20Medicine%20in%20Cardiff%20(1970);%20appointed%20head%20of%20the%20the%20department%20of%20clinical%20biochemistry%20at%20Cambridge%20University%20and%20honorary%20consultant%20at%20Addenbrooke's%20Hospital%20(1977);%20discovered%20with%20Dan%20Crook%20an%20ATP-sensitive%20potassium%20channel%20in%20insulin-producing%20cells%20that%20helped%20to%20resolve%20the%20problem%20of%20how%20glucose%20instructs%20the%20pancreas%20to%20secrete%20insulin%20(1984);%20work%20with%20David%20Barker%20showing%20that%20low%20birth%20weight%20greatly%20increased%20the%20risk%20of%20diabetes%20in%20later%20life%20(1991)%0aMemberships:%0aMedical%20Research%20Council%20(1985-1990)%0aHonours:%20%0aAwards%20from%20the%20British%20Diabetic%20Association;%20the%20European%20Association%20for%20the%20study%20of%20Diabetes,%20the%20Society%20for%20Endocrinology,%20the%20Association%20of%20Clinical%20Biochemists,%20the%20Royal%20College%20of%20Physicians,%20the%20Royal%20College%20of%20Pathologists%20anf%20the%20Biochemical%20Society.">Education:
King Edward VI Grammar School, Stafford; Trinity College, Cambridge; University College Hospital, London
Career:
Appointed university lecturer in Biochemistry at Cambridge (1964); elected a Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge; paper published in 'Nature' envisaging the use of enzymes or viruses as alternative labels capable of providing great assay sensitivity; appointed head of the department and honorary consultant in chemical pathology at the Welsh National School of Medicine in Cardiff (1970); appointed head of the the department of clinical biochemistry at Cambridge University and honorary consultant at Addenbrooke's Hospital (1977); discovered with Dan Crook an ATP-sensitive potassium channel in insulin-producing cells that helped to resolve the problem of how glucose instructs the pancreas to secrete insulin (1984); work with David Barker showing that low birth weight greatly increased the risk of diabetes in later life (1991)
Memberships:
Medical Research Council (1985-1990)
Honours: 
Awards from the British Diabetic Association; the European Association for the study of Diabetes, the Society for Endocrinology, the Association of Clinical Biochemists, the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Pathologists anf the Biochemical Society.</Activity>
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  <MembershipCategory label="Membership category" urlencoded="Fellow" urlpathencoded="Fellow">Fellow</MembershipCategory>
  <DateOfElection label="Date of election" urlencoded="12%2f03%2f1992" urlpathencoded="12/03/1992">12/03/1992</DateOfElection>
  <AgeAtElection label="Age at election" urlencoded="56" urlpathencoded="56">56</AgeAtElection>
  <Proposer label="Proposer" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Proposer>
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  <OtherRSActivity label="Other Royal Society activity" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></OtherRSActivity>
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  <RELATED_RESOURCES label="RELATED_RESOURCES" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></RELATED_RESOURCES>
  <Source label="Source" urlencoded="Sources%3a%0aObituary+in+%27The+Times%27+(12+October+2005)%0aBiographical+Memoirs+of+the+Royal+Society%2c+Volume+56+2010%2c+pp+105+-+130+by+Kenneth+Siddle%2c+J+Paul+Luzio+and+Stephen+O%27Rahilly+FRS" urlpathencoded="Sources:%0aObituary%20in%20'The%20Times'%20(12%20October%202005)%0aBiographical%20Memoirs%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society,%20Volume%2056%202010,%20pp%20105%20-%20130%20by%20Kenneth%20Siddle,%20J%20Paul%20Luzio%20and%20Stephen%20O'Rahilly%20FRS">Sources:
Obituary in 'The Times' (12 October 2005)
Biographical Memoirs of the Royal Society, Volume 56 2010, pp 105 - 130 by Kenneth Siddle, J Paul Luzio and Stephen O'Rahilly FRS</Source>
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  <Conventions label="Conventions" urlencoded="International+Standard+Archival+Authority+Record+for+Corporate+Bodies%2c+Persons+and+Families+-+ISAAR(CPF)+-+Ottawa+1996+ISBN+0-9696035-3-3%0a%0aNational+Council+on+Archives%2c+Rules+for+the+Construction+of+Personal%2c+Place+and+Corporate+Names%2c+1997" urlpathencoded="International%20Standard%20Archival%20Authority%20Record%20for%20Corporate%20Bodies,%20Persons%20and%20Families%20-%20ISAAR(CPF)%20-%20Ottawa%201996%20ISBN%200-9696035-3-3%0a%0aNational%20Council%20on%20Archives,%20Rules%20for%20the%20Construction%20of%20Personal,%20Place%20and%20Corporate%20Names,%201997">International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families - ISAAR(CPF) - Ottawa 1996 ISBN 0-9696035-3-3

National Council on Archives, Rules for the Construction of Personal, Place and Corporate Names, 1997</Conventions>
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  <Created label="Created" urlencoded="21%2f11%2f2001" urlpathencoded="21/11/2001">21/11/2001</Created>
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Pmab</Creator>
  <Modified label="Modified" urlencoded="28%2f03%2f2023" urlpathencoded="28/03/2023">28/03/2023</Modified>
  <Modifier label="Modifier" urlencoded="RS_NET%5cJonathanB" urlpathencoded="RS_NET\JonathanB">RS_NET\JonathanB</Modifier>
  <PublicView label="PublicView" urlencoded="Yes" urlpathencoded="Yes">Yes</PublicView>
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