Person Graham; Christopher Forbes (1940 - 2025); embryologist; developmental biologist Graham Christopher Forbes embryologist; developmental biologist 1940 - 2025 British Male Drumelzier, Peeblesshire, Scotland, United Kingdom 23 September 1940 19400923 22 May 2025 20250522

Embryologist Genetics Developmental biology Embryology Cell biology Education: The King's School Canterbury; St Edmund Hall, Oxford University Career: Lecturer, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford (1970-1985); Professor of Animal Development, University of Oxford (1985); Professorial Fellow Saint Catherine’s College, Oxford (1985-2007). Memberships: British Society for Cell Biology British Society for Developmental Biology Society for Experimental Biology Genetical Society Parents: Elizabeth Campbell Wilson and Christopher Graham. Spouse: (m. 31 March 1975) Grizeide George Harris. Children: Christoper George Graham and Charlotte Elizabeth Graham. Distinguished for his meticulous and highly original studies on early mammalian embyos. Devised an effective way of producing parthenogenetic activation of mouse eggs in vitro, the first to allow a choice between haploid and diploid development. This work established that neither the maternal tract nor the fertilizing sperm is necessary for histogenesis, since even haploid parthenogenones produced all tissue types. His studies on the cell cycle were the first to show that genes may be expressed in mammals even at the two-cell stage. Perhaps his major contribution has been to demonstrate, by ingenious reaggregation experiments, that at least the first stages of embryonic differentiation are regulated by cell position within the embryo rather than by inherited morphogenetic determinants. This finding, termed by him "inside-outside" differentiation, is central to our present concept of early development. His ongoing studies of teratocarcinoma cells as a model for the normal embryo continue to emphasize the importance of the microenvironment in directing differentiation. Fellow 19/03/1981 40 The Royal Society Fellows Directory, Christopher Graham FRS, [URL: https://royalsociety.org/people/christopher-graham-11524/; last accessed: 03/09/2025] The Company of Biologists, Development, Volume 152, Issue 15, August 2025, Obituary, Christopher Forbes Graham FRS (1940-2025): outstanding developmental biologist and one of a kind; Richard Gardner, [URL: doi.org/10.1242/dev.205115; last accessed: 03/09/2025] International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families - ISAAR(CPF) - Ottawa 1996 ISBN 0-9696035-3-3 National Council on Archives, Rules for the Construction of Personal, Place and Corporate Names, 1997 23 Sep 1940 - 22 May 2025 The past Fellows entries are under continuous revision. If you have queries or additional information to contribute, please contact Library@royalsociety.org. Content in external sources is not controlled by the Royal Society and historical sources may include content that is now unacceptable. Reviewed on 03/09/2025 as part of the Name Authority Project update. NA4342 21/11/2001 Andyg Pmab 03/09/2025 RS_NET\VidaM Yes ad7d38cc-b180-41b4-bd65-d1b810172497