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<SummaryList>
  <Summary>
  <RecordType label="RecordType" urlencoded="Person" urlpathencoded="Person">Person</RecordType>
  <AUTHORITYCONTROL label="AUTHORITYCONTROL" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></AUTHORITYCONTROL>
  <PersonName label="Authorised form of name" urlencoded="Bradshaw%3b+Alexander+Marian+(1944+-+2024)%3b+physicist" urlpathencoded="Bradshaw;%20Alexander%20Marian%20(1944%20-%202024);%20physicist">Bradshaw; Alexander Marian (1944 - 2024); physicist</PersonName>
  <Surname label="Surname" urlencoded="Bradshaw" urlpathencoded="Bradshaw">Bradshaw</Surname>
  <Forenames label="Forenames" urlencoded="Alexander+Marian" urlpathencoded="Alexander%20Marian">Alexander Marian</Forenames>
  <PreTitle label="PreTitle" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></PreTitle>
  <Title label="Title" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Title>
  <Epithet label="Epithet" urlencoded="physicist" urlpathencoded="physicist">physicist</Epithet>
  <ParallelEntry label="ParallelEntry" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></ParallelEntry>
  <NonPreferredTerm label="Other forms of name" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></NonPreferredTerm>
  <OtherFormsOfSurname label="Other forms of surname" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></OtherFormsOfSurname>
  <Dates label="Dates" urlencoded="1944+-+2024" urlpathencoded="1944%20-%202024">1944 - 2024</Dates>
  <Nationality label="Nationality" urlencoded="British" urlpathencoded="British">British</Nationality>
  <Gender label="Gender" urlencoded="Male" urlpathencoded="Male">Male</Gender>
  <INFORMATIONAREA label="INFORMATIONAREA" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></INFORMATIONAREA>
  <PlaceOfBirth label="Place of birth" urlencoded="Bushey%2c+Hertfordshire%2c+England" urlpathencoded="Bushey,%20Hertfordshire,%20England">Bushey, Hertfordshire, England</PlaceOfBirth>
  <DateOfBirth label="Date of birth" urlencoded="12%2f07%2f1944" urlpathencoded="12/07/1944">12/07/1944</DateOfBirth>
  <Born label="Born" urlencoded="19440712" urlpathencoded="19440712">19440712</Born>
  <PlaceOfDeath label="Place of death" urlencoded="Berlin%2c+Germay%2c+Europe" urlpathencoded="Berlin,%20Germay,%20Europe">Berlin, Germay, Europe</PlaceOfDeath>
  <DateOfDeath label="Date of death" urlencoded="10%2f10%2f2024" urlpathencoded="10/10/2024">10/10/2024</DateOfDeath>
  <Died label="Died" urlencoded="20241010" urlpathencoded="20241010">20241010</Died>
  <DatesAndPlaces label="DatesAndPlaces" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></DatesAndPlaces>
  <Address label="Address" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Address>
  <Occupation label="Occupation" urlencoded="Physicist" urlpathencoded="Physicist">Physicist</Occupation>
  <ResearchField label="Research field" urlencoded="Plasma+physics" urlpathencoded="Plasma%20physics">Plasma physics</ResearchField>
  <ResearchField label="Research field" urlencoded="Astronomy" urlpathencoded="Astronomy">Astronomy</ResearchField>
  <ResearchField label="Research field" urlencoded="Surface+science" urlpathencoded="Surface%20science">Surface science</ResearchField>
  <ResearchField label="Research field" urlencoded="Physics" urlpathencoded="Physics">Physics</ResearchField>
  <ResearchField label="Research field" urlencoded="Spectroscopy" urlpathencoded="Spectroscopy">Spectroscopy</ResearchField>
  <Activity label="Activity" urlencoded="Education%3a%0aUniversity+of+London+PhD+1969%3b+Technical+University+of+Munich+1974%0aCareer%3a+%0aWorked+at+the+Fritz+Haber+Institute%2c+Berlin+(1976-1998)%3b+Scientific+Director+of+the+Berlin+synchrotron+radiation+source+BESSY+(1980S)%3b+Scientific+Director%2c+Max+Planck+Institute+for+Plasma+Physics+(1999-2008).%0aHonours%3a+%0aCBE%0aAwards%2fMedals%3a%0aMax+Planck+Research+Prize+1994%0aBundesverdienstkreuz+2002%0aMemberships%3a%0aGerman+National+Academy+of+Sciences+Leopoldina%0aGerman+Academy+of+Science+and+Engineering+(acatech)%0aBerlin-Brandenburg+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Humanities%0aAcademia+Europaea%0aGerman+Physical+Society+(President+1998-2000)" urlpathencoded="Education:%0aUniversity%20of%20London%20PhD%201969;%20Technical%20University%20of%20Munich%201974%0aCareer:%20%0aWorked%20at%20the%20Fritz%20Haber%20Institute,%20Berlin%20(1976-1998);%20Scientific%20Director%20of%20the%20Berlin%20synchrotron%20radiation%20source%20BESSY%20(1980S);%20Scientific%20Director,%20Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Plasma%20Physics%20(1999-2008).%0aHonours:%20%0aCBE%0aAwards/Medals:%0aMax%20Planck%20Research%20Prize%201994%0aBundesverdienstkreuz%202002%0aMemberships:%0aGerman%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20Leopoldina%0aGerman%20Academy%20of%20Science%20and%20Engineering%20(acatech)%0aBerlin-Brandenburg%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20and%20Humanities%0aAcademia%20Europaea%0aGerman%20Physical%20Society%20(President%201998-2000)">Education:
University of London PhD 1969; Technical University of Munich 1974
Career: 
Worked at the Fritz Haber Institute, Berlin (1976-1998); Scientific Director of the Berlin synchrotron radiation source BESSY (1980S); Scientific Director, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (1999-2008).
Honours: 
CBE
Awards/Medals:
Max Planck Research Prize 1994
Bundesverdienstkreuz 2002
Memberships:
German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
German Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Academia Europaea
German Physical Society (President 1998-2000)</Activity>
  <Relationships label="Relationships" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Relationships>
  <OtherInfo label="OtherInfo" urlencoded="Distinguished+for+his+research+in+surface+science+and+molecular+spectroscopy.+Alex+played+a+leading+role+in+the+development+and+application+of+several+surface+techniques%2c+including+reflection+-+absorption+infrared+spectroscopy%2c+angle-resolved+photoemission+and+quantitative+photoelectron+diffraction.+Moreover%2c+he+performed+the+first+high-resolution+soft+X-ray+photoionisation+experiments+on+free+molecules.+His+work+has+opened+up+new+fields+of+research.%0aMade+seminal+contributions+to+our+understanding+of+the+structure+and+bonding+of+adsorbed+molecules%2c+as+well+as+of+photoionisation+processes+in+molecules+in+the+inner-shell+region.+Later%2c+he+worked+on+the+use+of+nuclear+fusion+as+an+energy+source+and+other+general+questions+of+energy+supply+and+resources.%0aWas+was+a+member+of+various+evaluation+panels+nationally+and+internationally%2c+and+chaired+several+EU+committees+on+large-scale+facilities+and+nuclear+fusion." urlpathencoded="Distinguished%20for%20his%20research%20in%20surface%20science%20and%20molecular%20spectroscopy.%20Alex%20played%20a%20leading%20role%20in%20the%20development%20and%20application%20of%20several%20surface%20techniques,%20including%20reflection%20-%20absorption%20infrared%20spectroscopy,%20angle-resolved%20photoemission%20and%20quantitative%20photoelectron%20diffraction.%20Moreover,%20he%20performed%20the%20first%20high-resolution%20soft%20X-ray%20photoionisation%20experiments%20on%20free%20molecules.%20His%20work%20has%20opened%20up%20new%20fields%20of%20research.%0aMade%20seminal%20contributions%20to%20our%20understanding%20of%20the%20structure%20and%20bonding%20of%20adsorbed%20molecules,%20as%20well%20as%20of%20photoionisation%20processes%20in%20molecules%20in%20the%20inner-shell%20region.%20Later,%20he%20worked%20on%20the%20use%20of%20nuclear%20fusion%20as%20an%20energy%20source%20and%20other%20general%20questions%20of%20energy%20supply%20and%20resources.%0aWas%20was%20a%20member%20of%20various%20evaluation%20panels%20nationally%20and%20internationally,%20and%20chaired%20several%20EU%20committees%20on%20large-scale%20facilities%20and%20nuclear%20fusion.">Distinguished for his research in surface science and molecular spectroscopy. Alex played a leading role in the development and application of several surface techniques, including reflection - absorption infrared spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission and quantitative photoelectron diffraction. Moreover, he performed the first high-resolution soft X-ray photoionisation experiments on free molecules. His work has opened up new fields of research.
Made seminal contributions to our understanding of the structure and bonding of adsorbed molecules, as well as of photoionisation processes in molecules in the inner-shell region. Later, he worked on the use of nuclear fusion as an energy source and other general questions of energy supply and resources.
Was was a member of various evaluation panels nationally and internationally, and chaired several EU committees on large-scale facilities and nuclear fusion.</OtherInfo>
  <ROYAL_SOCIETY_ACTIVITY label="ROYAL_SOCIETY_ACTIVITY" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></ROYAL_SOCIETY_ACTIVITY>
  <RSActivity label="RSActivity" urlencoded="Committees%3a%0aInternational+Exchanges+Committee+2012-2017%0aSectional+Committee+2%3a+Astronomy+and+physics+2009-2012" urlpathencoded="Committees:%0aInternational%20Exchanges%20Committee%202012-2017%0aSectional%20Committee%202:%20Astronomy%20and%20physics%202009-2012">Committees:
International Exchanges Committee 2012-2017
Sectional Committee 2: Astronomy and physics 2009-2012</RSActivity>
  <MembershipCategory label="Membership category" urlencoded="Fellow" urlpathencoded="Fellow">Fellow</MembershipCategory>
  <DateOfElection label="Date of election" urlencoded="15%2f05%2f2008" urlpathencoded="15/05/2008">15/05/2008</DateOfElection>
  <AgeAtElection label="Age at election" urlencoded="63" urlpathencoded="63">63</AgeAtElection>
  <Proposer label="Proposer" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Proposer>
  <DateOfEjectionOrWithdrawal label="Date of ejection or withdrawal" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></DateOfEjectionOrWithdrawal>
  <RSRoles label="RSRoles" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></RSRoles>
  <CommitteesAndPanels label="CommitteesAndPanels" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></CommitteesAndPanels>
  <MedalsAndPrizes label="MedalsAndPrizes" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></MedalsAndPrizes>
  <Lectures label="Lectures" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Lectures>
  <GrantsAndFellowships label="GrantsAndFellowships" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></GrantsAndFellowships>
  <Clubs label="Clubs" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Clubs>
  <OtherRSActivity label="Other Royal Society activity" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></OtherRSActivity>
  <Council label="Council" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></Council>
  <RELATED_RESOURCES label="RELATED_RESOURCES" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></RELATED_RESOURCES>
  <Source label="Source" urlencoded="The+Royal+Society+Fellows+Directory%2c+Professor+Alexander+Bradshaw+CBE+FRS%2c+%5bURL%3a+https%3a%2f%2froyalsociety.org%2fpeople%2falexander-bradshaw-11131%2f%3b+last+accessed%3a+02%2f04%2f2025%5d%0aFritz-Haber-Institut-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft%2c+In+Memoriam%3a+Professor+Dr.+Alexander+M.+Bradshaw+(1944-2024)%2c+%5bURL%3a+https%3a%2f%2fwww.fhi.mpg.de%2f1620246%2f2024-10-14-Alexander-Bradshaw%3b+last+accessed%3a+02%2f04%2f2025%5d%0aInstitute+of+Physics%2c+Professor+Sir+Alexander+Marian+Bradshaw+CBE+FRS+Hon.FInstP+(1944-2024)%2c+%5bURL%3a+https%3a%2f%2fwww.iop.org%2fphysics-community%2fobituaries%2falexander-marian-bradshaw%3b++last+accessed%3a+02%2f04%2f2025%5d" urlpathencoded="The%20Royal%20Society%20Fellows%20Directory,%20Professor%20Alexander%20Bradshaw%20CBE%20FRS,%20[URL:%20https://royalsociety.org/people/alexander-bradshaw-11131/;%20last%20accessed:%2002/04/2025]%0aFritz-Haber-Institut-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft,%20In%20Memoriam:%20Professor%20Dr.%20Alexander%20M.%20Bradshaw%20(1944-2024),%20[URL:%20https://www.fhi.mpg.de/1620246/2024-10-14-Alexander-Bradshaw;%20last%20accessed:%2002/04/2025]%0aInstitute%20of%20Physics,%20Professor%20Sir%20Alexander%20Marian%20Bradshaw%20CBE%20FRS%20Hon.FInstP%20(1944-2024),%20[URL:%20https://www.iop.org/physics-community/obituaries/alexander-marian-bradshaw;%20%20last%20accessed:%2002/04/2025]">The Royal Society Fellows Directory, Professor Alexander Bradshaw CBE FRS, [URL: https://royalsociety.org/people/alexander-bradshaw-11131/; last accessed: 02/04/2025]
Fritz-Haber-Institut-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, In Memoriam: Professor Dr. Alexander M. Bradshaw (1944-2024), [URL: https://www.fhi.mpg.de/1620246/2024-10-14-Alexander-Bradshaw; last accessed: 02/04/2025]
Institute of Physics, Professor Sir Alexander Marian Bradshaw CBE FRS Hon.FInstP (1944-2024), [URL: https://www.iop.org/physics-community/obituaries/alexander-marian-bradshaw;  last accessed: 02/04/2025]</Source>
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  <ImageCredit label="ImageCredit" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></ImageCredit>
  <Conventions label="Conventions" urlencoded="International+Standard+Archival+Authority+Record+for+Corporate+Bodies%2c+Persons+and+Families+-+ISAAR(CPF)+2nd+edition+-+ICA+2004+ISBN+2-9521932-2-3%0a%0aNational+Council+on+Archives%2c+Rules+for+the+Construction+of+Personal%2c+Place+and+Corporate+Names%2c+1997" urlpathencoded="International%20Standard%20Archival%20Authority%20Record%20for%20Corporate%20Bodies,%20Persons%20and%20Families%20-%20ISAAR(CPF)%202nd%20edition%20-%20ICA%202004%20ISBN%202-9521932-2-3%0a%0aNational%20Council%20on%20Archives,%20Rules%20for%20the%20Construction%20of%20Personal,%20Place%20and%20Corporate%20Names,%201997">International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families - ISAAR(CPF) 2nd edition - ICA 2004 ISBN 2-9521932-2-3

National Council on Archives, Rules for the Construction of Personal, Place and Corporate Names, 1997</Conventions>
  <RSObituaryMemoir label="Royal Society Obituary or Memoir" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></RSObituaryMemoir>
  <RSPublications label="RSPublications" urlencoded="https%3a%2f%2froyalsocietypublishing.org%2faction%2fdoSearch%3fContribAuthorRaw%3dBradshaw%252C%2bAlexander%2bMarian" urlpathencoded="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Bradshaw%2C+Alexander+Marian">https://royalsocietypublishing.org/action/doSearch?ContribAuthorRaw=Bradshaw%2C+Alexander+Marian</RSPublications>
  <PublishedWorks label="PublishedWorks" urlencoded="RCN+R79799" urlpathencoded="RCN%20R79799">RCN R79799</PublishedWorks>
  <RelatedImages label="Related images" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></RelatedImages>
  <PictureLibraryURL label="PictureLibraryURL" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></PictureLibraryURL>
  <DatesOld label="DatesOld" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></DatesOld>
  <CONTROLAREA label="CONTROLAREA" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></CONTROLAREA>
  <MaintenanceNotes label="MaintenanceNotes" urlencoded="The+past+Fellows+entries+are+under+continuous+revision.+If+you+have+queries+or+additional+information+to+contribute%2c+please+contact+Library%40royalsociety.org.++%0a%0aContent+in+external+sources+is+not+controlled+by+the+Royal+Society+and+historical+sources+may+include+content+that+is+now+unacceptable.++%0a%0aReviewed+on+02%2f04%2f2025+as+part+of+the+Name+Authority+Project+update." urlpathencoded="The%20past%20Fellows%20entries%20are%20under%20continuous%20revision.%20If%20you%20have%20queries%20or%20additional%20information%20to%20contribute,%20please%20contact%20Library@royalsociety.org.%20%20%0a%0aContent%20in%20external%20sources%20is%20not%20controlled%20by%20the%20Royal%20Society%20and%20historical%20sources%20may%20include%20content%20that%20is%20now%20unacceptable.%20%20%0a%0aReviewed%20on%2002/04/2025%20as%20part%20of%20the%20Name%20Authority%20Project%20update.">The past Fellows entries are under continuous revision. If you have queries or additional information to contribute, please contact Library@royalsociety.org.  

Content in external sources is not controlled by the Royal Society and historical sources may include content that is now unacceptable.  

Reviewed on 02/04/2025 as part of the Name Authority Project update.</MaintenanceNotes>
  <Code label="Code" urlencoded="NA9550" urlpathencoded="NA9550">NA9550</Code>
  <Created label="Created" urlencoded="28%2f05%2f2008" urlpathencoded="28/05/2008">28/05/2008</Created>
  <Creator label="Creator" urlencoded="Joanna" urlpathencoded="Joanna">Joanna</Creator>
  <Modified label="Modified" urlencoded="02%2f06%2f2025" urlpathencoded="02/06/2025">02/06/2025</Modified>
  <Modifier label="Modifier" urlencoded="RS_NET%5ckatherinem" urlpathencoded="RS_NET\katherinem">RS_NET\katherinem</Modifier>
  <PublicView label="PublicView" urlencoded="Yes" urlpathencoded="Yes">Yes</PublicView>
  <InstIdentifer label="Virtual International Authority File" urlencoded="" urlpathencoded=""></InstIdentifer>
  <RecordID label="RecordID" urlencoded="12405133-344e-4e73-8406-1d6d3466fe98" urlpathencoded="12405133-344e-4e73-8406-1d6d3466fe98">12405133-344e-4e73-8406-1d6d3466fe98</RecordID>
</Summary>
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