| Citation | Distinguished for his wide ranging contributions to research on the epidemiology and control of infectious diseases in the tropics with a particular emphasis on malaria and bacterial infections. He was the first to demonstrate that malaria modulates immune responses to other infections, supresses the development of certain autoimmune disease and depresses responses to some vaccines. He designed and implemented a series of large-scale epidemiology and clinical studies of malaria in The Gambia that provided the template for a wide range of intervention studies based on chemotherapy, bednets and candidate vaccines. He initiated similar studies on bacterial pathogens that cause pneumonia in children that led to improvements in diagnosis and treatment, and detailed their significance as a cause of mortality in Africa. |